Accelerating Rate Calorimeter 305 (ARC)

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The Accelerating Rate Calorimeter 305 (ARC 305) provides adiabatic calorimetry data in a safe, controlled laboratory environment.

This information helps provide a sound understanding of the fundamental physical processes involved. From this understanding, various safe operating systems and procedures can be developed to mitigate the hazards posed by a reactive system.

The advanced ARC 305 helps engineers and scientists identify potential hazards and tackle key elements of process optimization and thermal stability. As a highly versatile, miniature chemical reactor, sample can be stirred, material injected, and it can be used for vent studies. The ARC 305 has been designed to use the traditional 10 ml ARC spherical vessel but can also use the larger 130 ml vessel for low Phi or vent testing.

Fastest Tracking Rate

More reliable data and a wider range of application due to the fastest tracking rate up to 200 K/min

VariPhi technology

Patented VariPhi technology can realize low phi test even with a small and safe sample size. Effective detection of both exothermic and endothermic transitions can be achieved by the versatile operating modes on ARC 305

Proteus software

Controlled by the same powerful Proteus software which user can use to operate all other NETZSCH thermal analysis instruments in the lab.

The Accelerating Rate Calorimeter 305 (ARC 305) simultaneously measures temperature and pressure. The sealed pressure system also allows the user to evaluate the effect of different gas atmospheres on the thermal stability of the system.

Gaseous reaction products may be analyzed at the end of an experiment to help identify and understand the reaction mechanisms involved.

A single experiment provides data for use in the following:

Thermal Hazard Evaluation
Pressure Hazard Evaluation
Thermokinetic Analysis

User safety is a key objective in the design of model 305. The user is protected by a series of safety systems that are completely independent of the control system. These safety systems work to protect the user in the event that the primary control system fails. Fully computer-controlled and highly automated, the Accelerating Rate Calorimeter (ARC 305) features a graphical interface that is easy to learn and use.

The system is totally integrated into clean, modern designs in which all routinely used equipment is easily accessible.

Technical Data

Temperature range

RT to 500°C

Operation modes

Heat-Wait-Search (primary mode of operation)
Iso-Fixed technique
Iso-Track technique
Ramp mode for fast screening of unknown samples
High tracking rate

With VariPhi

Heat-Wait-Search, with Phi = 1
Constant power
Constant heating rate
Fire exposure mode
True isothermal mode

Temperature Range:
RT to 500°C

Pressure Range (Standard):
0 bar to 150 bar

Pressure Accuracy:
0.35% full scale (150 bar)

Sample container:
spherical sample vessel: 1 ml to 130 ml
tube sample vessel: 1 ml to 9 ml

ASTM standard:
based on E1981

Applications
Process Safety
Energetic Materials

Test cell materials for spherical vessels with a wall thickness between 0.4 mm and 0.9 mm:
Stainless Steel
Hastelloy
Glass
Titanium
Tantalum

(Volume: 1ml to 130 ml)

Test cell materials for tube-type vessels with a wall thickness of 0.4 mm and 0.9 mm:
Stainless Steel
Titanium
(Volume: 1 ml to 8.5 ml)

VariPhi is a controlled variable DC heater used in Accelerating Rate Calorimeters (ARC) to provide the most accurate simulation of real-world thermal environment.
VariPhi’s sophisticated calibration software regulates and records the amount of energy supplied by the internal heater.
VariPhi enables precise measurement of heat, pressure, and activity within a sample, avoiding the need for complicated mathematical corrections.
VariPhi Patent number US 7,021,820 B2.

VariPhi in Accelerating Rate Calorimeters (ARC) Mode

The Accelerating Rate Calorimeter heaters (acting as guard heaters) provide a well controlled near-adiabatic environment for the VariPhi, bomb, and sample system. This allows the sample to be tested in the standard Accelerating Rate Calorimeters (ARC) operational modes such as Heat-Wait-Search, Iso-Fixed, or Iso-Track.

VariPhi’s key features in Accelerating Rate Calorimeters mode include:

The internal heater compensates for the heat lost to the sample bomb during an exothermic reaction.
The user can define the thermal inertia or PHI (Φ) for the test. The heater returns all or part of the heat lost to the bomb wall to the sample. A user can define the exact thermal inertia at which to run the test.
Tests can be run at the exact thermal inertia at which they will run in the plant or storage container.
Kinetics that are dependent on thermal inertia, such as competing reactions that cannot be compensated for mathematically, are no longer a problem.
Thermal inertia can be corrected without having to extrapolate kinetics from overlapping and multiple reactions.
Data obtained will directly correspond to actual run or storage conditions making it easier to relay the information to non-calorimetry specialists.

VariPhi in Scanning Mode

By using VariPhi as an additional heater, the user can run ramp tests with the Accelerating Rate Calorimeter (ARC) that deliver improved information about the activity in a sample.

By operating in scanning mode, VariPhi can measure exothermic and endothermic activity, heat capacity, and pressure within a sample, faster and more cost effectively than a standard differential scanning calorimeter.

In scanning mode, VariPhi provides the following key features:

Faster data collection on exothermic activity than Heat-Wait-Search tests
Enhanced measurements and capabilities over traditional DSC analysis
Endothermal activity tracking
Pressure data can be recorded
Ability to inject sample
Ability to stir sample
Ability to set thermal inertia for direct real-world comparison

VariPhi in Isothermal Mode

Through VariPhi technology, true isothermal calorimetry can be run on ARC 254 for chemical samples and battery cells.

In this mode, VariPhi provides the following key features:

True isothermal operation
Both endothermic and exothermic events

VariPhi in Fire-Exposure Mode

Through VariPhi technology , power can be added to compensate to phi = 1.0 (Fires exposure cases should always be run as a phi=1 test) and the calculated fire energy influx can be added directly to the sample at a constant rate.